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Symmetry

Symmetry

The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin defines all points whose distances from the center maintain a constant ratio between the horizontal and vertical axes. This equation results in a smooth, closed curve that extends further along the x-axis than the y-axis, giving it a horizontal orientation. Such an ellipse demonstrates three kinds of symmetry: across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and about the origin. These symmetries are essential in understanding the graph's structure and...

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a uniform...

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

Space asymmetry as a possible global feature.

Meir Shinitzky¹

¹Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. meir.shinitzky@weizmann.ac.il

|April 13, 2013

Summary

This study proposes that space asymmetry, not just nuclear weak force parity violation, explains chiral molecule symmetry breaking. This space asymmetry, estimated at 1%, may also influence galactic structures and time itself.

Area of Science:

Chirality studies
Theoretical physics
Cosmology

Background:

Literature reports indicate symmetry breaking in chiral molecule assemblies of opposite handedness.
Existing explanations involving nuclear weak force parity violation and autocatalysis are insufficient for certain cases, like chiral fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an alternative explanation for chiral symmetry breaking: inherent asymmetry in space.
To explore the implications of space asymmetry on molecular, atomic, and cosmological structures.
To estimate the magnitude of space asymmetry and suggest experimental verification.

Main Methods:

Extrapolation of observed density differences in chiral fluids and crystals (e.g., NaClO3) to quantify space asymmetry.
Theoretical modeling of space asymmetry in relation to Euclidean and polar coordinates.

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Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

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Consideration of time as a fourth dimension conjugated to asymmetric space.

Main Results:

Space may possess an intrinsic asymmetry, deviating from absolute symmetry.
This space asymmetry is estimated to be approximately 1%.
The proposed space asymmetry aligns with observations in atomic/molecular chirality and spiral galaxy configurations.

Conclusions:

Inherent space asymmetry offers a more comprehensive explanation for chiral symmetry breaking than previously proposed mechanisms.
The 1% asymmetry in space has potential implications for the structure of the universe and the nature of time.
Experimental verification of time coordinate asymmetry in right-handed versus left-handed space is feasible.