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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum
08:00

Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum

Published on: March 1, 2017

Stratum corneum evaluation methods: overview.

Kaley Myer1, Howard Maibach

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. kaley.myer@nyumc.org

Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [And] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [And] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating the skin barrier function requires various methods to analyze the stratum corneum. Tape stripping is common, but diverse techniques exist for examining skin barrier properties.

Keywords:
barrier integritycohesionstratum corneumtape strippingwater loss

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • The stratum corneum is the skin's primary barrier, crucial for preventing water loss and controlling substance absorption.
  • Its superficial location makes the stratum corneum accessible for various analytical techniques.
  • Understanding its function is vital for numerous dermatological and pharmacological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review existing and emerging methodologies for evaluating the stratum corneum.
  • To provide an overview of techniques used to assess stratum corneum content and function.
  • To highlight the diversity of approaches available for skin barrier analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of PubMed and Embase databases.
  • Searched using keywords: 'stratum corneum,' 'method,' 'methods,' 'technique,' and 'evaluation.'
  • Extracted and synthesized information on techniques for examining the stratum corneum and its components.

Main Results:

  • A wide array of traditional and novel methods are available for stratum corneum evaluation.
  • These methods differ significantly in accuracy, usability, time, cost, invasiveness, and equipment needs.
  • Tape stripping remains a prevalent technique, but variations in corneocyte analysis add complexity.

Conclusions:

  • The reviewed methods collectively enhance our understanding of the stratum corneum.
  • While tape stripping is widely adopted, variations in its application and corneocyte analysis contribute to methodological diversity.
  • Continued development and standardization of evaluation techniques are essential for advancing skin barrier research.