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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: definitions and classifications].

M Sánchez Luna1, J Moreno Hernando, F Botet Mussons

  • 1Comité de Estándares de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología; Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.

Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains a significant concern for very low birth weight infants. This review aims to standardize diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia to reduce variations in incidence reporting among healthcare centers.

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaDisplasia broncopulmonarDistrés respiratorio neonatalNeonatal respiratory distress syndromePrematuridadPrematurityRecién nacido de muy bajo pesoVery low birth weight infant

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Context:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent complication in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, particularly those of extremely low birth weight (ELBW).
  • Despite advancements in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) management, BPD incidence has not decreased in this vulnerable population, though its clinical presentation has evolved.
  • Significant inter-center variability exists in BPD frequency, likely stemming from inconsistent diagnostic criteria.

Purpose:

  • To review and standardize the current diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • To minimize inter-center discrepancies in BPD diagnosis and reporting.
  • To provide a unified standard for the Spanish Society of Neonatology.

Summary:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common sequela in very low birth weight infants.
  • Current diagnostic criteria for BPD lack uniformity, leading to variations in reported incidence across healthcare facilities.
  • This article proposes a standardized approach to BPD diagnosis to ensure consistency.

Impact:

  • Aims to reduce inter-center differences in bronchopulmonary dysplasia diagnosis.
  • Facilitates more accurate epidemiological studies on BPD.
  • Promotes consistent clinical management and research for premature infants affected by BPD.