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Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development.

Yvan Vandenplas1, V P Carnielli2, J Ksiazyk3

  • 1KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early infant gut microbiota development is influenced by prenatal factors, delivery mode, and feeding. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk or supplemented formulas promote a bifidobacterial-dominated gut microbiome, crucial for infant health.

Keywords:
BifidobacteriaBreast feedingFormula feedingHuman milk oligosaccharideMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The early-life intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in infant health and development.
  • Evidence suggests the intrauterine environment is not sterile, with potential maternal-fetal microbiota transmission during pregnancy.
  • Infant gut microbiota composition is influenced by genetics, prenatal factors, and birth mode.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review published evidence on early-life intestinal microbiota development.
  • To identify factors influencing microbiota development before, at, and after birth.
  • To explore the impact of infant feeding on gut microbiome composition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases.
  • Review and synthesis of published studies on infant gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of factors affecting microbial colonization and community assembly.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal factors (maternal diet, obesity, smoking, antibiotics) and delivery mode significantly impact initial colonization.
  • Breast milk, rich in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), promotes a balanced, bifidobacterial-dominated microbiome.
  • Formula-fed infants show increased species richness; HMO-supplemented formulas mimic breast milk effects, promoting bifidobacteria and favorable immune profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Infant gut microbiota development is a complex process influenced by multiple factors from conception onwards.
  • Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are key drivers of a healthy infant gut microbiome, promoting bifidobacteria growth.
  • Optimizing infant formula composition with HMOs can support a beneficial gut microbiome when breastfeeding is not possible.