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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography
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Published on: April 28, 2020

Emfit movement sensor in evaluating nocturnal breathing.

Mirja Tenhunen1, Ella Elomaa, Heli Sistonen

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. mirja.tenhunen@pshp.fi

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study found that the Emfit movement sensor, specifically the time percentage of obstructive periodic breathing patterns (OPTotal%), accurately detects obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). An OPTotal% of 21 effectively identifies patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 15/h or higher.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis often relies on polysomnography, but non-invasive methods are sought.
  • Static charge-sensitive bed (SCSB) and electromechanical film (Emfit) sensors offer potential for OSA diagnostics.
  • A direct comparison between Emfit parameters and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare Emfit sensor-derived parameters with the AHI for OSA diagnosis.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Emfit parameters, particularly the time percentage of obstructive periodic breathing patterns (OPTotal%).
  • To describe patients experiencing increased respiratory resistance (IRR) detected by Emfit sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Emfit movement sensors to record breathing patterns in patients.
  • Analyzed breathing signals to identify obstructive periodic breathing patterns and calculate OPTotal%.
  • Correlated OPTotal% with the standard apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and assessed diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The time percentage of all obstructive periodic Emfit breathing patterns (OPTotal%) demonstrated the strongest correlation with the AHI.
  • An OPTotal% threshold of 21% achieved excellent accuracy in identifying individuals with an AHI of 15/h or greater.
  • Patients exhibiting increased respiratory resistance (IRR) via Emfit sensors scored highly on the GHQ-12 questionnaire.

Conclusions:

  • Emfit movement sensors, specifically OPTotal%, show significant promise for OSA diagnosis, potentially serving as an alternative to nasal pressure transducers.
  • The Emfit sensor can provide valuable supplementary data for OSA diagnostics, especially when other non-sleep monitoring devices are in use.
  • Further research into the clinical significance of increased respiratory resistance (IRR) detected by Emfit sensors is warranted.