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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Panic versus epilepsy: a challenging differential diagnosis.

Nash N Boutros1, Klevest Gjini, John Moran

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Differentiating panic attacks (PAs) from temporal lobe epilepsy is difficult. This case suggests subtle neurological abnormalities may cause PA-like symptoms, challenging the strict functional versus neurological dichotomy.

Keywords:
EEGMEGPET scanpanic attackstemporal lobe epilepsy

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Distinguishing panic attacks (PAs) from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) poses diagnostic challenges.
  • Current clinical practice often forces a dichotomy between psychiatric (functional PAs) and neurological (seizure disorder) explanations.

Observation:

  • A case presented with symptoms strongly mimicking a seizure disorder but exhibiting PA features.
  • Extensive diagnostic workup failed to definitively differentiate between a functional psychiatric cause and a neurological seizure disorder.

Findings:

  • The case highlights the limitations of current diagnostic methods in differentiating subtle neurological conditions from functional psychiatric disorders.
  • It raises the possibility of subclinical hyperexcitability states causing PA-like symptoms without detectable scalp potentials.

Implications:

  • This challenges the traditional dichotomous view of PAs and TLE, suggesting a spectrum of neurological dysfunction.
  • Further research into subclinical hyperexcitability may refine diagnostic approaches for patients with unexplained episodic symptoms.
  • Consideration of subtle neurological underpinnings is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with panic-like episodes.