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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualizing the DNA Damage Response in Purkinje Cells Using Cerebellar Organotypic Cultures
08:41

Visualizing the DNA Damage Response in Purkinje Cells Using Cerebellar Organotypic Cultures

Published on: December 27, 2024

Sodium tungstate modulates ATM function upon DNA damage.

C J Rodriguez-Hernandez1, M Llorens-Agost, J Calbó

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain.

FEBS Letters
|April 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tungstate increases cancer cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy by affecting DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. This suggests tungstate could enhance cancer treatment when used alongside DNA-damaging agents.

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Detection and Visualization of DNA Damage-induced Protein Complexes in Suspension Cell Cultures Using the Proximity Ligation Assay
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Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
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Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualizing the DNA Damage Response in Purkinje Cells Using Cerebellar Organotypic Cultures
08:41

Visualizing the DNA Damage Response in Purkinje Cells Using Cerebellar Organotypic Cultures

Published on: December 27, 2024

Detection and Visualization of DNA Damage-induced Protein Complexes in Suspension Cell Cultures Using the Proximity Ligation Assay
13:10

Detection and Visualization of DNA Damage-induced Protein Complexes in Suspension Cell Cultures Using the Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: June 9, 2017

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are standard cancer treatments that induce DNA damage.
  • Understanding how cells respond to DNA damage is crucial for improving treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of tungstate on cellular responses to DNA damaging agents.
  • To explore the potential of tungstate as an adjuvant in cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Cellular treatment with tungstate and DNA damaging agents (etoposide, phleomycin, ionizing radiation).
  • Assessment of cell sensitivity to DNA damaging agents.
  • Analysis of ATM kinase activation and Mre11-Nbs1-Rad50 (MRN) complex functionality.
  • Investigation of PP2A phosphatase inhibition effects.

Main Results:

  • Tungstate treatment sensitized cells to etoposide, phleomycin, and ionizing radiation (IR), all inducers of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).
  • Tungstate modulated ATM kinase activation in response to DSB-inducing agents.
  • The observed effects were dependent on the MRN complex and mimicked by PP2A inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Tungstate enhances cellular sensitivity to DNA damaging agents that cause DSBs.
  • Tungstate's mechanism involves modulation of DSB signaling pathways, including ATM activation.
  • Tungstate shows potential as an adjuvant therapy to improve the effectiveness of DNA-damaging agents in treating malignancies.