[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia revealed by spinal cord compression]

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Neurology

Background:

• T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, aggressive lymphoid hematologic malignancy.
• It is characterized by distinct clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features.

Observation:

• A 39-year-old male presented with spinal cord compression.
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated albumin, and MRI revealed vertebral infiltration.
• The patient developed tumor syndrome and peripheral lymphocytosis.

Findings:

• Immunophenotyping and lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.
• This is the first documented case of T-PLL presenting with spinal cord compression.

Implications:

• This case underscores the need to consider T-PLL in the differential diagnosis of neurological emergencies.
• Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for managing T-PLL, even with unusual initial presentations.