Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Long-term Learning Induces Plastic Changes in Frontostriatal Circuits.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Synaptic pruning, myelination and the emergence of psychiatric disorders in late adolescence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Retrograde transduction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra of the rhesus monkey.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

A synaptic mechanism for encoding the learned value of action-derived safety.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Surgical protocol for precise and high-throughput viral injections in rhesus monkey brain.

STAR protocols·2026

Same author

Early psychosocial deprivation alters the refinement of neural dynamics across adolescence.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same journal

Ephaptic coupling can explain variability in neural activity.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Same journal

A neuroimaging meta-analysis on social impression formation of stable characteristics.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Same journal

An expanded cortical map of von Economo neurons in the human medial prefrontal cortex.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Same journal

For better and worse: neural self-partner overlap during social feedback is associated with relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Same journal

Regions in the human inferior temporal gyrus are engaged in numerosity processing across visual stimulus categories.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Same journal

Differentiation of cortical areas: effects of free energy minimization with broken symmetry.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

Cross-frequency power coupling between hierarchically organized face-selective areas.

Nicholas Furl¹, Richard Coppola², Bruno B Averbeck³

¹Laboratory of Neuropsychology, NIMH/NIH MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|April 17, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study models neural oscillations in face perception, revealing how brain regions communicate. Fearful faces modulate brain activity, particularly in the dorsal pathway, offering insights into neural processing.

Keywords:

dynamic causal modeling face perception facial expression magnetoencephalography neural oscillations

More Related Videos

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Published on: October 30, 2018

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Published on: July 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Published on: October 30, 2018

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Published on: July 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science

Background:

Neural oscillations are crucial for perception, behavior, and inter-brain area communication.
Understanding oscillatory dynamics in face perception networks is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a causal model of oscillatory dynamics in the face perception network.
To investigate how oscillatory power coupling between brain regions relates to face perception, especially fearful expressions.

Main Methods:

Utilized magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data from 51 healthy volunteers.
Developed a causal model estimating oscillatory power coupling between occipital/fusiform face areas (OFA/FFA) and superior temporal sulcus (STS).
Employed Bayesian model comparison to test hierarchical feedforward models of temporal lobe function.

Main Results:

The model predicted induced responses to faces, showing increased alpha/theta and decreased beta power in OFA, FFA, and STS.
Fearful facial expressions selectively modulated power coupling, particularly in the dorsal (STS) pathway.
Identified same-frequency power coupling in low-frequency bands and theta-induced suppression of beta power, suggesting linear and nonlinear mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Confirmed a hierarchical, feedforward model of the OFA, bifurcating into two pathways.
Demonstrated that fearful expressions modulate neural communication specifically within the dorsal pathway.
The findings suggest a combination of linear and nonlinear oscillatory mechanisms underlies hierarchical processing in face perception.