[Bladder adenocarcinoma 41 years after augmentation enterocystoplasty for tuberculosis]

To report a case of adeno-carcinoma arising in an augmented bladder 41 years after the procedure.

After troublesome evaluation and fistula closure with urinary diversion by percutaneous nephrostomy, the patient underwent palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

He died 5 months after the onset of the fistula.

Development of adenocarcinoma in augmentation enterocystoplasties implies a mortality of about 30%. Early detection requires a high index of suspicion. Surveillance of augmented bladders, by annual cystoscopy and urine cytology, is therefore recommended.