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Axillary artery compression and thrombosis in throwing athletes
M J Rohrer1, P A Cardullo, A M Pappas
1Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
Journal of Vascular Surgery
|June 1, 1990
Summary
Baseball pitchers may develop axillary artery thrombosis due to repetitive throwing motions. The humeral head can compress the axillary artery, leading to injury and potential blood clots in athletes.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Surgery
- Sports Medicine
- Orthopedic Surgery
Background:
- Axillary artery thrombosis is a rare but serious condition.
- Repetitive overhead throwing motions in baseball pitchers place significant stress on the shoulder and axillary artery.
Observation:
- A baseball pitcher experienced axillary artery thrombosis, treated successfully with urokinase.
- Angiography revealed inducible compression of the axillary artery by the humeral head in the pitching position.
- Duplex scans showed significant blood pressure drops and arterial compression in throwing athletes.
Findings:
- 56% of tested extremities showed a >20 mm Hg blood pressure drop in the throwing position.
- 83% of extremities had documented axillary artery compression by the humeral head.
- Repetitive trauma from throwing can cause intermittent axillary artery compression and contusion.
Implications:
- The throwing motion can predispose athletes to axillary artery thrombosis.
- Understanding this mechanism is crucial for prevention and treatment strategies in throwing athletes.
- Further research may explore preventative measures and non-invasive diagnostic techniques.