Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of anaphylactic reactions involving carboplatin and paclitaxel reported to the FDA from 1970 to 2023.

Gynecologic oncology reports·2026
Same author

Machine Learning Estimation of Gestational Age at Delivery Using Linked Mother-Infant Electronic Health Records Across Two Health Systems.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Clonal cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell expansion and HLA-B44 supertype association in bupropion-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions.

The Journal of investigative dermatology·2026
Same author

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Checkpoint Inhibitor Adverse Reactions.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2026
Same author

Institutional Trends in Penicillin Allergy: A New Era of Active Penicillin Allergy Delabeling.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2026
Same author

irAE-GPT: leveraging large language models to identify immune-related adverse events in electronic health records and clinical trial datasets.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same journal

The Emerging Role of Copeptin.

The Clinical biochemist. Reviews·2022
Same journal

Proceedings of the Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine's 2021 Virtual Scientific Conference.

The Clinical biochemist. Reviews·2022
Same journal

Report of the Survey Conducted by RCPAQAP on Current Practices for Beta-Migrating Paraprotein Reporting.

The Clinical biochemist. Reviews·2021
Same journal

The Role of PINP in Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Bone Disease.

The Clinical biochemist. Reviews·2021
Same journal

Proceedings of the Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine's 2020 Virtual Scientific Conference.

The Clinical biochemist. Reviews·2020
Same journal

Vitamin D Metabolism and Guidelines for Vitamin D Supplementation.

The Clinical biochemist. Reviews·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Testing for drug hypersensitivity syndromes.

Craig M Rive1, Jack Bourke, Elizabeth J Phillips

  • 1The Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Western Australia;

The Clinical Biochemist. Reviews
|April 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type B drug reactions are often immune-mediated. Genetic screening, like HLA-B*5701, can prevent severe hypersensitivity reactions by identifying at-risk patients before drug exposure.

More Related Videos

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Type B ADRs, though less common, are primarily immunologically mediated and distinct from dose-dependent reactions.
  • Common Type B reactions include immediate IgE-mediated (Type I) and delayed T-cell mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic approaches for Type I and Type IV drug hypersensitivity reactions.
  • To highlight the emerging role of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) screening in preventing severe delayed drug reactions.
  • To discuss the implications of understanding drug-HLA interactions for future drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic tests for Type I (skin testing, oral provocation) and Type IV (patch testing, ex vivo assays) reactions.
  • Examination of recent associations between specific HLA alleles and drug-induced hypersensitivity.
  • Analysis of the clinical utility and implementation of HLA screening, exemplified by HLA-B*5701 for abacavir hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

  • HLA class I and II allele associations offer opportunities for pre-exposure genetic screening to prevent Type IV reactions.
  • HLA-B*5701 screening demonstrates 100% negative predictive value for abacavir hypersensitivity.
  • Feasible and inexpensive DNA-based tests facilitate the integration of HLA screening into clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding drug-specific HLA interactions is crucial for managing and preventing immune-mediated ADRs.
  • HLA screening represents a powerful strategy to identify high-risk individuals and prevent severe drug hypersensitivity.
  • Characterization of drug-HLA mechanisms paves the way for pre-clinical screening and safer drug design.