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Perinatal outcome after recent cocaine usage.

D S Mastrogiannis1, G O Decavalas, U Verma

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, New York.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Neonatal urine tests identified cocaine exposure in infants. Positive results correlated with increased preterm labor and signs of acute intoxication, suggesting both acute and chronic effects of maternal cocaine use.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
  • Perinatal Toxicology
  • Maternal Substance Abuse

Background:

  • Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy poses significant risks to neonates.
  • Understanding the specific impacts of acute versus chronic cocaine exposure is crucial for infant care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical outcomes of neonates based on urine metabolite detection of cocaine.
  • To differentiate effects potentially related to acute cocaine exposure versus chronic exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-eight neonates born to mothers with reported cocaine use were divided into two groups: cocaine-positive and cocaine-negative based on neonatal urine tests.
  • Clinical data including birth outcomes and signs of intoxication were compared between the two groups.

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Main Results:

  • Neonates testing positive for cocaine metabolites showed significantly higher rates of preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (P < .05).
  • Infants with positive urine tests were more likely to display symptoms of acute cocaine intoxication.
  • While low birth weight, growth retardation, and abruptio placentae were more frequent than expected, differences between groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Positive neonatal urine tests for cocaine metabolites are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and signs of acute intoxication.
  • The findings suggest that the cocaine-positive group experienced both acute and chronic exposure, while the negative group may represent chronic exposure alone.