Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: what a rheumatologist should know about this uncommon condition

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) and digital clubbing are distinct but often associated conditions.
• Understanding their pathophysiology and clinical presentation is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive, updated overview of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and digital clubbing.
• To guide practicing rheumatologists in diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge.
• Discussion of historical perspective, definition, incidence, prevalence, classification, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, demographics, physical examination findings, imaging techniques, differential diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Results:

• HOA and digital clubbing have diverse etiologies, ranging from pulmonary and cardiac diseases to malignancies.
• Characteristic clinical and imaging findings aid in diagnosis, but differentiation from other conditions is essential.

Conclusions:

• Early recognition and accurate diagnosis of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and digital clubbing are vital for timely intervention.
• This overview equips rheumatologists with current knowledge for effective patient management.