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[Complication analysis of nipple retractor in correcting inverted nipple]
Xiao Long1, Ru Zhao, Xiao-Jun Wang
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100032, China.
Objective:
To evaluate the complication of nipple retractor in correcting inverted nipples.
Methods:
51 patients (95 inverted nipples) who wore nipple retractor in our hospital were included. All the complications they suffered were evaluated.
Results:
The total complication rate was 32.63% (31/95 nipples), include areolar depigmentation (21.05%, 20/95), areolar pressure ulcer (5.26%, 5/29), wire dislocation (4.21%, 4/95), nipple necrosis (2.11%, 2/95).
Conclusions:
Improper operation technique and insufficient post operation medical care are related with high complication rate of nipple retractor. The most common complication is areolar depigmentation, which will not result in nipple deformity or dysfunction. The nipple retractor could avoid additional scars and ductal injury, which is less traumatic than other techniques.