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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

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Controlling a spillover pathway with the molecular cork effect.

Matthew D Marcinkowski1, April D Jewell, Michail Stamatakis

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, USA.

Nature Materials
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a "molecular cork" effect in palladium-copper alloys. This method uses spectator molecules to control hydrogen spillover and storage, enhancing hydrogen uptake and release in catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Reactant spillover between active sites is crucial in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Hydrogen spillover, in particular, is challenging to detect and control.
  • This phenomenon enhances hydrogen storage in various materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the control of hydrogen spillover pathways on a palladium-copper (Pd/Cu) alloy.
  • To demonstrate the use of a spectator molecule for controlling hydrogen adsorption and desorption.
  • To introduce and validate the 'molecular cork' effect for hydrogen storage management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Pd/Cu alloy where palladium (Pd) atoms act as hydrogen dissociation sites.
  • Employed selective adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) as a spectator molecule at Pd sites.
  • Monitored hydrogen uptake and desorption influenced by CO adsorption.
  • Observed the 'molecular cork' effect during a surface-catalyzed hydrogenation reaction.

Main Results:

  • Selective CO adsorption at Pd sites effectively controlled hydrogen spillover onto surrounding copper (Cu) regions.
  • CO adsorption was shown to inhibit both hydrogen uptake and desorption, acting as a 'molecular cork'.
  • This molecular cork effect allowed for control over the overall surface hydrogen coverage.
  • The effect was demonstrated to be applicable in a model hydrogen storage system and during catalytic hydrogenation.

Conclusions:

  • The 'molecular cork' effect provides a novel method for controlling hydrogen spillover and surface coverage.
  • Reversible molecular adsorption at minority sites offers a strategy for managing hydrogen in catalytic and storage applications.
  • This research advances the understanding and manipulation of hydrogen dynamics in catalytic systems.