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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is the kilocalorie...
Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...

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Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
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Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

Unidirectional spin-wave heat conveyer.

T An1, V I Vasyuchka, K Uchida

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. an@imr.tohoku.ac.jp

Nature Materials
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate magnetically controllable heat flow using spin waves in ferrimagnetic materials. This breakthrough allows heat to be directed remotely, enabling novel heat-flow control applications.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Magnetism
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Heat typically flows from warmer to cooler regions.
  • Controlling heat conduction direction externally is generally not possible.
  • Spin waves are collective excitations in magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate magnetically controllable heat flow.
  • To explore the use of spin-wave currents for heat transfer.
  • To demonstrate remote heating capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Excitation of spin waves in Y3Fe5O12 (yttrium iron garnet) using microwave energy.
  • Application of magnetic fields to control spin-wave propagation direction.
  • Measurement of temperature gradients and heat emission.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated magnetically controllable heat flow via spin waves.
  • Observed remote heating up to 10 mm away from the excitation source.
  • Achieved a negative temperature gradient towards the heated end.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-wave currents can enable unidirectional energy transfer.
  • The direction of heat flow can be switched by an external magnetic field.
  • This phenomenon is applicable to developing heat-flow controllers.