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Related Concept Videos

Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM
06:30

Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM

Published on: March 2, 2017

Gene-pair expression signatures reveal lineage control.

Merja Heinäniemi1, Matti Nykter, Roger Kramer

  • 1Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

Nature Methods
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Scientists identified key gene regulatory networks that drive cell differentiation. Their data-driven method organizes cell types by lineage and pinpoints genes controlling neuronal, pluripotent, and blood cell fates for potential cell fate conversion.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM
06:30

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Published on: March 2, 2017

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos
11:25

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

Published on: February 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Multicellular organisms exhibit distinct cell types governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs).
  • GRNs establish self-stabilizing gene expression states, known as attractors, which define cell identity.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of cell fate determination is crucial for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a data-driven method for identifying key regulators of cell fate determination.
  • To organize human cell types based on their ontogenic lineage relationships.
  • To identify genes controlling specific cell fates like neuronal, pluripotent, and blood cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Curated human gene expression data from 166 cell types and 2,602 transcription-regulating genes.
  • Developed a computational method based on the concept of expression reversal in gene pairs within regulatory circuits.
  • Analyzed gene pair expression dynamics to infer regulatory relationships and cell type organization.

Main Results:

  • Successfully organized 166 human cell types into their developmental lineages using the novel method.
  • Identified specific genes and regulatory circuits critical for neuronal fate, pluripotency, and blood cell differentiation.
  • The method revealed putative determinants of cell fate based on gene expression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method effectively identifies cell fate determinants and reconstructs cell lineage relationships.
  • Findings highlight the role of specific gene regulatory networks in establishing distinct cell identities.
  • The approach offers a valuable tool for prioritizing candidate genes for cell fate conversion strategies.