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Kristina Liesener1, Valeriu Curtui, Richard Dietrich

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Commercial horse feed in Germany frequently contains multiple mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. While co-contamination is common, most detected mycotoxin levels in these horse feed samples were below critical toxicity thresholds.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Food Safety
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi that can contaminate animal feed.
  • Horse feed, particularly cereal-based preparations, is susceptible to mycotoxin contamination.
  • Assessing the prevalence and levels of various mycotoxins in commercial horse feed is crucial for animal health and food safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and levels of six key mycotoxins in commercial horse feed available on the German market.
  • To determine the extent of mycotoxin co-contamination in different types of horse feed.
  • To compare detected mycotoxin concentrations with established toxicological thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were employed to analyze 62 commercial horse feed samples.
  • Samples included muesli/mash, pelleted feeds, and single-grain feeds (maize, oats, barley).
  • Analyzed mycotoxins included deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), T-2 toxin (T-2), T-2/HT-2 toxin, ochratoxin A (OTA), and total ergot alkaloids (GEA).

Main Results:

  • All analyzed samples tested positive for deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2/HT-2, and T-2 toxins.
  • Zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were detected in 98% and 94% of samples, respectively.
  • Mycotoxin co-contamination was prevalent, though concentrations were generally below critical levels. Single-grain feeds showed higher concentrations of specific mycotoxins.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial horse feed from the German market is commonly co-contaminated with multiple mycotoxins.
  • While contamination is widespread, the majority of detected mycotoxin levels fall below critical thresholds for horse health.
  • Single-grain feeds may present higher risks for specific mycotoxin exposures compared to compound feeds.