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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry01:27

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single exposure...
Microbial Spoilage of Food01:23

Microbial Spoilage of Food

Microbial food spoilage refers to the degradation of food quality resulting from the metabolic activity of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and molds. These microbes proliferate on various food substrates depending on factors such as moisture content, nutrient availability, and storage conditions, leading to undesirable sensory and structural changes.Bacteria are primary agents of spoilage in high-moisture, nutrient-dense foods like meat, milk, and vegetables. Microbial spoilage occurs...
Microbes in Food Production01:29

Microbes in Food Production

Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays
10:01

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Published on: April 23, 2012

[Deoxynivalenol in food].

V Curtui1, A Brockmeyer, R Dietrich

  • 1Justus-Universität, Ludwigstrasse 21, D-35390, Giessen, vaieriu.Curtui@vetmed.uni-giessen de.

Mycotoxin Research
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

German consumers are frequently exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium toxin, primarily through cereals. However, detected DON levels in most food samples remained below established safety limits during the study period.

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Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products
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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays
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Published on: April 23, 2012

Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L.
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06:47

Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products

Published on: December 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Food safety and toxicology
  • Mycotoxin analysis
  • Agricultural science

Context:

  • Fusarium mycotoxins, specifically deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone, pose significant risks to food safety.
  • Consumer exposure to these toxins is a key concern for public health.
  • Regulatory bodies establish maximum permitted limits to mitigate risks.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in German food products.
  • To assess the dietary intake of DON by German consumers.
  • To provide comprehensive data on DON occurrence in the German food market.

Summary:

  • Over 4700 food samples, predominantly cereals and cereal-based products, were collected from German markets between August 2001 and April 2004.
  • Validated analytical methods including enzyme immunoassay, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS were employed for DON quantification, achieving mean recoveries exceeding 80%.
  • Deoxynivalenol was frequently detected across cereal-containing samples, yet mean and median concentrations generally fell below Germany's established maximum permitted limits.

Impact:

  • Provides crucial data for food safety authorities and policymakers regarding deoxynivalenol contamination in Germany.
  • Informs risk assessment and management strategies for mycotoxins in the food supply chain.
  • Contributes to understanding consumer exposure levels to deoxynivalenol from dietary sources.