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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
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Published on: February 2, 2024

Integrin Regulation during Leukocyte Recruitment.

Jan Herter1, Alexander Zarbock

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Integrins are crucial for immune cell movement. Understanding how integrin activation is controlled offers potential for new anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent tissue damage.

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08:50

Laminar Flow-based Assays to Investigate Leukocyte Recruitment on Cultured Vascular Cells and Adherent Platelets

Published on: April 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Integrins are key molecules in leukocyte recruitment, essential for host defense against pathogens.
  • Integrin malfunction leads to severe diseases due to impaired pathogen clearance.
  • Controlled inflammatory responses are necessary to prevent tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review signaling pathways regulating integrin adhesiveness in neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
  • To highlight the role of integrin activation in distinct steps of leukocyte recruitment.
  • To discuss mechanisms balancing integrin activation and limiting inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on integrin signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the role of integrin activation in leukocyte adhesion and migration.
  • Examination of endogenous regulatory mechanisms of integrin function.

Main Results:

  • Integrin activation is critical for specific stages of the leukocyte recruitment cascade (rolling, adhesion, crawling, transmigration).
  • Different integrin molecules require specific activation for each step of recruitment.
  • Endogenous mechanisms exist to regulate and limit excessive integrin activation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding integrin activation dynamics is vital for controlling leukocyte recruitment.
  • Targeting integrin signaling pathways may offer novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
  • Balancing integrin activation is key to preventing inflammatory sequelae and tissue destruction.