The primo vascular structures alongside nervous system: its discovery and functional limitation

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Oriental Medicine

Background:

• Primo vascular structures, including primo nodes and vessels (formerly Bonghan corpuscles and ducts), are proposed anatomical correlates for acupuncture.
• These structures have been observed in various animal tissues, including the nervous system, using established anatomical methods.
• The precise physiological functions of primo vascular structures remain largely undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing literature on primo vascular structures, with a focus on their presence in and around the nervous system.
• To summarize electrophysiological properties reported for cells within primo nodes.
• To discuss recent findings on the potential involvement of primo vascular structures in acupuncture's mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anatomical and physiological studies.
• Analysis of reports on primo vascular structures in animal models.
• Examination of electrophysiological data from primo node cells.

Main Results:

• Primo vascular structures are anatomically documented in diverse locations, including neural tissues.
• Electrophysiological characteristics of primo node cells have been investigated.
• Emerging research suggests a potential role for these structures in acupuncture's therapeutic effects.

Conclusions:

• The review consolidates current knowledge on primo vascular structures and their potential link to acupuncture.
• Fundamental questions regarding the physiology and function of primo vascular structures persist.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the physiological roles of primo vascular structures, particularly in the context of acupuncture.