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Updated: May 12, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
Published on: March 12, 2020
[Treatment of empyema thoracis in children]
Anko Antabak1, Dorian Tjesić-Drinković, Tomislav Luetić
1Klinika za kirurgiju Medicinskog fakulteta Sveucilista u Zagrebu, KBC Zagreb. aantabak@yahoo.com
Insights
Pediatric empyema, infected fluid in the chest, often follows pneumonia. While treatments vary, this review covers surgical options like thoracoscopy and open surgery for better child recovery.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Thoracic Surgery
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
Abstract:
Empyema, an accumulation of infected fluid in the thoracic cavity, is commonly secondary to bacterial pneumonia in children. Despite the high prevalence and availability of many medical treatment options, there is no general consensus on the optimal management approach, which would lead to full and rapid recovery. Especially, there are the big differences in treatment options for the child with empyema. Regardless of the differences in the procedures, the ultimate outcomes are good. This article reviews the current literature and discusses the important considerations in managing these patients. This paper describes thoracoscopic and open thoracic surgery procedures in children. The authors present their own observations based on years of experience in the treatment of thoracic empyema.
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