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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
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IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

X-ray phase imaging with a laboratory source using selective reflection from a mirror.

Daniele Pelliccia1, David M Paganin

  • 1School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. daniele.pelliccia@monash.edu

Optics Express
|April 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new laboratory hard x-ray imaging method using a mirror edge to split a beam. The technique enables quantitative phase contrast and absorption imaging by detecting x-ray refraction through a sample.

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • X-ray imaging is crucial for material analysis and medical diagnostics.
  • Phase contrast imaging enhances sensitivity to soft tissues and low-contrast materials compared to conventional absorption imaging.
  • Laboratory-based x-ray sources offer advantages in accessibility and cost over synchrotron sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, cost-effective hard x-ray phase contrast imaging technique.
  • To demonstrate quantitative phase contrast and absorption imaging using a laboratory x-ray source.
  • To utilize total external reflection for beam splitting in x-ray imaging.

Main Methods:

  • A novel imaging setup employing total external reflection from a mirror edge was designed.
  • The mirror edge was aligned to divide the incident hard x-ray beam into two distinct paths.
  • X-ray refraction through a sample placed before the mirror induced measurable intensity differences between the two beams.

Main Results:

  • The technique successfully generated two coherent beams from a single laboratory x-ray source.
  • Quantitative phase contrast imaging was achieved by analyzing intensity variations caused by sample refraction.
  • Pure absorption imaging was also demonstrated concurrently with phase contrast imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The reported method provides a practical approach for hard x-ray phase contrast imaging using a laboratory setup.
  • This technique offers a viable alternative for applications requiring high-sensitivity x-ray imaging without large-scale facilities.
  • The dual capability for quantitative phase and absorption imaging enhances its utility in various scientific and medical fields.