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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke

Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: June 2, 2023

Acute stroke: basic concepts and use of imaging for clinicians.

M Castillo¹, H Alvarez

¹Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. castillo@med.unc.edu

JBR-BTR : Organe De La Societe Royale Belge De Radiologie (SRBR) = Orgaan Van De Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging Voor Radiologie (KBVR)

|April 25, 2013

Summary

This review covers essential concepts in stroke imaging, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of CT and MRI scans. It also explains collateral brain circulation and its critical role in acute stroke cases.

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Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke

Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: June 2, 2023

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide.
Accurate and timely imaging is crucial for effective stroke management.
Understanding collateral circulation is vital for predicting stroke outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of stroke imaging techniques.
To elucidate the principles and clinical significance of collateral brain circulation.
To guide clinicians in interpreting stroke imaging findings.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in stroke.
Discussion of advanced imaging concepts related to cerebral blood flow.
Explanation of collateral pathways and their assessment.

Main Results:

CT and MRI offer distinct benefits and limitations in acute stroke evaluation.
Collateral circulation significantly influences infarct progression and patient prognosis.
Advanced imaging techniques can reveal the extent and functional significance of collaterals.

Conclusions:

Optimizing stroke imaging interpretation requires understanding both primary imaging modalities and collateral circulation.
Knowledge of collateral status can inform treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
Continued research into advanced imaging holds promise for refining stroke care.