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Jaundice

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Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

[The bile-diverting methods in long-term obstructive jaundice].

Klinichna Khirurhiia

|April 25, 2013

Summary

Nasobiliary drainage accelerates the clearance of toxic bile acids in patients with residual choledocholithiasis and jaundice. This intervention aids in early recovery from hepatic insufficiency markers.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Hepatology
Surgical Endoscopy

Context:

Residual choledocholithiasis can lead to prolonged obstructive jaundice.
Bile acid toxicity is a marker for liver dysfunction.
Effective management strategies are crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose:

To compare the efficacy of endoscopic choledocholithoextraction with and without nasobiliary drainage.
To evaluate the impact of nasobiliary drainage on bile acid profiles and liver function.
To identify early markers of hepatic insufficiency in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Summary:

59 patients with residual choledocholithiasis and obstructive jaundice were studied.
Group 1 (37 patients) underwent endoscopic papillosphincterotomy and stone extraction.

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Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

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Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

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Group 2 (22 patients) additionally received nasobiliary drainage for 3-8 days.

Both groups showed increased toxic bile acid fractions.

Group 2 exhibited significantly earlier disappearance of these toxic fractions.

Impact:

Nasobiliary drainage may improve the resolution of bile toxicity.
This approach could offer an advantage in managing complex choledocholithiasis.
Early detection of hepatic insufficiency markers is vital for timely intervention.