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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
08:54

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

Published on: February 14, 2018

Antifungal agents in current pediatric practice.

Cecinati Valerio1, Teresa Perillo, Letizia Brescia

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology -Department of Hematology, Spirito Santo Hospital, Via Fonte Romana, Pescara, Italy, cecinativalerio@gmail.com.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|April 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review offers antifungal treatment guidance for pediatric invasive fungal infections, addressing rising incidence in immunocompromised children. It aids clinicians in selecting optimal therapies based on current knowledge and new antifungal drugs.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
08:54

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Published on: February 14, 2018

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
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An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Published on: July 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Immunocompromised Hosts

Background:

  • Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children.
  • A notable increase in the incidence of systemic mycoses has been documented over the past two decades.
  • Advances in understanding and applying treatment strategies, alongside new antifungal drug development, have improved IFIs management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide evidence-based antifungal treatment recommendations specifically for pediatric patients.
  • To assist clinicians in choosing the most appropriate and effective treatment for individual pediatric cases of invasive fungal infections.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on managing systemic mycoses in immunocompromised children.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of antifungal therapies for pediatric invasive fungal infections.
  • Analysis of current treatment guidelines and emerging antifungal agents.
  • Synthesis of data to formulate practical clinical recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key antifungal agents and treatment protocols for various pediatric IFIs.
  • Highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation.
  • Discussion of challenges and future directions in pediatric antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized antifungal treatment strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in immunocompromised children with IFIs.
  • Clinicians require accessible, case-specific recommendations to navigate complex treatment decisions.
  • Continued research and development of novel antifungal compounds are essential for combating resistant fungal strains.