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Related Concept Videos

Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response
12:18

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

Published on: April 17, 2016

A dynamic interplay between phytohormones is required for fruit development, maturation, and ripening.

Peter McAtee1, Siti Karim, Robert Schaffer

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|April 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Plant hormones regulate fruit development, influencing cell division, expansion, and ripening. While roles in fruit set and ripening are known, hormone functions during growth and maturation require further investigation.

Keywords:
fruit developmenthormonal regulationripening

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Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions
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Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions

Published on: March 6, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response
12:18

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

Published on: April 17, 2016

Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions
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Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Hormone Signaling

Background:

  • Fruit development is crucial for seed dispersal in many plant species.
  • Hormonal signals synchronize communication between developing seeds and fruit tissues.
  • Plant hormones orchestrate key stages: fruit set, growth, maturation, and ripening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established roles of plant hormones in fruit development.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps concerning hormone functions during fruit growth and maturation.
  • To emphasize the importance of hormonal regulation in fruit ripening.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant hormone functions in fruit development.
  • Analysis of hormonal changes during different fruit developmental stages.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, and ethylene roles.

Main Results:

  • Auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin are vital for fruit set and initial cell division.
  • Cell expansion and endoreduplication during fruit growth are less understood but likely hormone-regulated.
  • Ripening involves a significant shift in hormone levels, with increased abscisic acid and ethylene.

Conclusions:

  • Plant hormones are critical regulators throughout fruit development, from set to ripening.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise roles of hormones during fruit growth and maturation phases.
  • Understanding these hormonal mechanisms can inform strategies for improving fruit quality and yield.