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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Multifocal choroidal metastases from thyroid carcinoma: a case report.

M Munteanu1, S Giuri, C Roșca

  • 1"Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Ophthalmology, Timişoara, Romania. mihneam1@gmail.com

Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)
|April 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Papillary thyroid carcinoma can rarely metastasize to the choroid, causing vision loss. Early ocular examinations are crucial for detecting these rare choroidal metastases in thyroid cancer patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a common thyroid malignancy.
  • Metastasis of thyroid cancer to distant organs like lungs, liver, and bone is known.
  • Choroidal metastasis from thyroid cancer is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old female with advanced follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma developed severe vision decrease.
  • Despite extensive treatment including surgery, radioiodine ablation, and radiotherapy, she developed widespread metastases.
  • Multifocal choroidal metastases were diagnosed one year after initial treatment.

Findings:

  • The case highlights the potential for late ocular metastasis in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Detailed ocular investigations were performed for diagnosis and monitoring of choroidal metastases.
  • Literature review confirmed the rarity of choroidal metastases in thyroid cancer.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of regular ophthalmological screening in thyroid cancer survivors.
  • Early detection of choroidal metastases can potentially improve patient outcomes.
  • Ophthalmologists should consider thyroid carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of choroidal lesions.