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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
09:49

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

Nonaccidental head injury.

T Roujeau1, E Mireau, M Bourgeois

  • 1Department of Pediatric and Functional Neurosurgery, Montpellier, France; Neurosurgery Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonaccidental head injury in children (NAHI), often abusive head trauma (AHT), presents serious risks. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for better outcomes and child protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Child Abuse Pediatrics
  • Neurocritical Care

Background:

  • Nonaccidental head injury in children (NAHI), primarily abusive head trauma (AHT), is a significant cause of pediatric mortality and morbidity.
  • Intracranial lesions, predominantly subdural hematomas, are common, leading to brain edema, intracranial hypertension, and seizures.
  • Differential diagnoses include inborn errors of metabolism like glutaric aciduria type 1 and Menkes disease, necessitating specific diagnostic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and management of NAHI/AHT.
  • To emphasize the critical role of identifying nonaccidental injury for timely intervention and child protection.
  • To outline key factors influencing prognosis and the need for specialized monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment and neuroimaging (CT scan) for diagnosis of intracranial lesions.
  • Monitoring for seizures, brain edema, and intracranial hypertension.
  • Differential diagnosis including metabolic screening for inborn errors of metabolism.

Main Results:

  • NAHI/AHT presents with varied symptoms related to intracranial pressure and seizures.
  • Specific risk factors (clinical status, age, CT findings, retinal hemorrhage, seizures) are associated with a worse prognosis compared to accidental trauma.
  • Close monitoring in neurointensive care units is essential for these children.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition of NAHI/AHT is vital for initiating appropriate emergency treatment and protective measures.
  • Effective management involves controlling seizures, preventing recurrence, and reducing intracranial pressure.
  • Identifying the nonaccidental nature of the injury is paramount for child protection, involving social evaluation and legal reporting.