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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats
Published on: April 21, 2017
Cerebrovascular disorders in childhood
1Neuropaediatric Department, University Children's Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
Summary
Childhood cerebrovascular problems, including stroke, affect 5-8/100,000 children yearly. Many survivors face lifelong neurological deficits, highlighting the need for better diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Vascular Neurology
- Child Neurology
Background:
- Cerebrovascular problems in children are diverse, impacting brain vascular supply.
- Incidence ranges from 5 to 8 per 100,000 children annually.
- Manifestations vary based on infarction location, age, and risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse spectrum of cerebrovascular problems in children.
- To discuss diagnostic modalities and current treatment recommendations.
- To highlight the long-term neurological and neuropsychological sequelae.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on pediatric cerebrovascular disorders.
- Analysis of clinical presentation, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches.
- Evaluation of treatment guidelines and prognostic factors.
Main Results:
- Acute arterial ischemic insults present differently in neonates (seizures) versus children (hemiparesis).
- Risk factors include thromboembolic events in neonates and vasculopathies/cardiac issues in children.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosis; treatment lacks strong evidence, with platelet aggregation suggested.
- Spinal artery ischemia and sinus venous thromboses are other significant pediatric cerebrovascular events with distinct presentations and prognoses.
- Two-thirds of affected children experience lifelong neurological and neuropsychological challenges.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric cerebrovascular diseases encompass arterial ischemic strokes, spinal artery ischemia, and sinus venous thromboses.
- Early diagnosis via MRI and consideration of platelet aggregation or anticoagulation are key.
- Long-term deficits are common, emphasizing the need for improved therapeutic strategies and preventative measures.
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