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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

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Published on: June 30, 2014

Pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Brenda L Banwell1

  • 1Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) recognition is rising. Treatments include corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapies, with ongoing research into risk factors and disease mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Demyelinating Disorders

Background:

  • Increased recognition of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and acquired demyelinating disorders.
  • Development of consensus definitions and diagnostic criteria for pediatric MS.
  • Current management strategies for acute demyelinating attacks and confirmed pediatric MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management of pediatric-onset MS.
  • To highlight opportunities for investigating MS risk factors and pathobiology in children.
  • To discuss ongoing research into immunological mechanisms in pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approaches for pediatric MS.
  • Discussion of epidemiological studies implicating environmental factors in MS risk.
  • Exploration of research into vitamin D, microbial exposures, parental smoking, and immunological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Corticosteroids, immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange are common for acute attacks.
  • Immunomodulatory therapies (interferon, glatiramer acetate) show safety and efficacy in case series.
  • Pediatric MS offers a unique window to study early-onset risk factors and fundamental pathobiology.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric MS management utilizes therapies approved for adults, with ongoing safety monitoring.
  • Epidemiological and immunological research in pediatric MS is crucial for understanding disease origins.
  • Further studies are needed to elucidate primary immunological mechanisms and host responses in young MS patients.