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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
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Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
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Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Elastography of the thyroid.

H Monpeyssen1, J Tramalloni, S Poirée

  • 1Adult Radiology Department, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France. hm-thyroide@wanadoo.fr

Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid nodule ultrasound elastography, particularly shear wave elastography (SWE), improves cancer detection. SWE quantifies stiffness, helping identify suspicious nodules and potentially detecting cancers missed by fine needle aspiration (FNA).

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are common, but thyroid cancer is rare with a good prognosis.
  • Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration (FNA) are standard for nodule evaluation, but cancer detection rates are low (approx. 5%).
  • Stiffness evaluation is crucial as most thyroid cancers are hard.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of elastography in characterizing thyroid nodules.
  • To assess the effectiveness of shear wave elastography (SWE) in improving thyroid cancer detection.
  • To identify specific stiffness thresholds indicative of malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of elastography techniques for thyroid nodule assessment, including quasi-static and shear wave elastography (SWE).
  • Discussion of semi-quantitative analysis and stiffness quantification in kilopascals (kPa).
  • Definition of suspicious stiffness thresholds: >65kPa or stiffness ratio >3.7.

Main Results:

  • Elastography, especially SWE, enhances thyroid nodule characterization by measuring stiffness.
  • SWE allows for quantitative stiffness measurement, improving malignancy prediction.
  • High stiffness (>65kPa or ratio >3.7) indicates a suspicious nodule.
  • Elastography may detect malignant follicular tumors missed by conventional methods.
  • Increased stiffness is also observed in lymph node metastases of papillary thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a valuable tool for thyroid nodule evaluation.
  • SWE improves the detection of potentially malignant thyroid nodules, including those missed by FNA.
  • Quantitative stiffness measurements and defined thresholds enhance diagnostic accuracy for thyroid cancer.