Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

Motor Units

Motor Units

A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.

Motor Units

Motor Units

The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Corrigendum to 'Diagnostic adjudication of potential participants with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in the ADHERE trial of subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20' [Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 486 (2026) 125918].

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026

Same author

Diagnostic adjudication of potential participants with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in the ADHERE trial of subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026

Same author

Long COVID and cognition.

European journal of neurology·2023

Same author

Novel <i>SEPSECS</i> Pathogenic Variants Featuring Unusual Phenotype of Complex Movement Disorder With Thin Corpus Callosum: A Case Report.

Neurology. Genetics·2022

Same author

Confounding clinical presentation and different disease progression in CMT4B1.

Neuromuscular disorders : NMD·2020

Same author

Electrophysiological features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with IgG4 antibodies targeting neurofascin 155 or contactin 1 glycoproteins.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

Multifocal motor neuropathy.

Raquel Guimarães-Costa¹, Francesco Bombelli, Jean-Marc Léger

¹Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Referral Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Bâtiment Babinski, Paris, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)

|April 30, 2013

Summary

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a chronic immune disorder affecting motor nerves. Current treatments like immunoglobulin therapy offer temporary relief, prompting research into alternative therapies.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by asymmetric, purely motor deficits.
Distinctive electrophysiological findings include conduction blocks in motor nerves, differentiating it from other neuropathies.
Elevated serum IgM antibodies against gangliosides like GM1 are a common diagnostic marker.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current diagnostic approaches for MMN.
To summarize established and emerging treatment strategies for MMN.
To highlight the challenges and future directions in MMN management.

Main Methods:

Literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including electrophysiology and serological markers.

More Related Videos

CMAP Scan MUNE (MScan) - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation (MUNE) Method

CMAP Scan MUNE (MScan) - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation (MUNE) Method

Published on: June 7, 2018

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

CMAP Scan MUNE (MScan) - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation (MUNE) Method

CMAP Scan MUNE (MScan) - A Novel Motor Unit Number Estimation (MUNE) Method

Published on: June 7, 2018

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

Evaluation of treatment efficacy for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg).

Main Results:

IVIg and SCIg are effective for MMN but require ongoing administration due to short-lasting effects.
The search for alternative, more sustainable immune therapies is ongoing.
MMN diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, electrophysiological, and immunological findings.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of MMN is crucial for appropriate management, distinguishing it from mimic conditions.
Current immunoglobulin therapies provide symptomatic relief but not a cure, necessitating long-term treatment.
Further research is needed to identify novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for MMN.