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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
08:49

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Published on: October 29, 2014

Ipilimumab-induced perforating colitis.

Kisha A Mitchell1, Harriet Kluger, Mario Sznol

  • 1*Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine †Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT ‡Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ipilimumab, a melanoma treatment, can cause severe colitis. This study details 3 cases of ipilimumab-induced perforating colitis requiring colectomy, highlighting unique histologic findings and the need for surgical consideration.

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An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
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An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance

Published on: December 3, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
08:49

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Published on: October 29, 2014

An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
07:32

An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance

Published on: December 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibody ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) for metastatic melanoma.
  • Diarrhea and colitis are common side effects of ipilimumab therapy.

Observation:

  • This report describes 3 cases of perforating colitis induced by ipilimumab.
  • Patients required colectomy due to severe ipilimumab-induced colitis.

Findings:

  • Novel associated histologic findings include pseudopolyp formation, fissuring ulcers, and dilated crypts.
  • Lack of intraepithelial lymphocytosis and epithelial apoptosis were observed in resected tissues.
  • These findings were identified in segmental resections from patients requiring subtotal colectomy.

Implications:

  • While steroid therapy is standard for ipilimumab-induced colitis, surgery may be necessary.
  • Bowel perforation should be considered in patients with worsening diarrhea despite steroid treatment.
  • This study expands understanding of severe ipilimumab-induced colitis pathology.