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Weak Base Solutions

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...

Phosphate Buffer

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...

Common Ion Effect

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

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Published on: November 22, 2016

Ammonium diphosphitoindate(III).

Farida Hamchaoui¹, Houria Rebbah, Eric Le Fur

¹Laboratoire Sciences des Matériaux, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111 Bab-Ezzouar Alger, Algeria.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 2, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of ammonium indium hydrogen phosphite, NH4[In(HPO3)2], reveals layered [In(HPO3)2](-) sheets. Ammonium cations stabilize these layers through hydrogen bonding, forming a 3D framework.

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Published on: May 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Crystal Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Understanding the synthesis and structural properties of novel inorganic compounds is crucial for materials science.
Layered phosphite materials offer unique structural motifs and potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of ammonium indium hydrogen phosphite, NH4[In(HPO3)2].
To investigate the coordination environment of indium and the geometry of phosphite anions.
To understand the role of ammonium cations in stabilizing the layered framework.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement.
Analysis of coordination polyhedra and hydrogen bonding interactions.

Main Results:

The crystal structure features In(III) cations in an octahedral environment (InO6).
Two distinct hydrogen phosphite anions (HPO3(2-)) with triangular-pyramidal geometry were identified.
A layered structure of [In(HPO3)2](-) propagates in the ab plane, with InO6 octahedra sharing all six vertices with phosphite groups.
Ammonium cations are located between these layers and are involved in hydrogen bonding with framework oxygen atoms.

Conclusions:

The study successfully determined the detailed crystal structure of NH4[In(HPO3)2].
The findings highlight a robust layered framework stabilized by hydrogen bonding, characteristic of phosphite-based materials.