Surgical management of leiomyomas for fertility or uterine preservation

Leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumors in women. These tumors are not always symptomatic but can cause abnormal uterine bleeding and anemia, pelvic pressure and pain, urinary frequency, and adverse reproductive outcomes-symptoms that can diminish the quality of life of women. Myomectomy is the primary treatment modality for women with symptomatic leiomyomas who are of reproductive age and desire future fertility. Myomectomy can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life and, in some clinical situations, improve reproductive outcomes. There are robust surgical outcome data supporting the use of a minimally invasive approach such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy over laparotomy. Perioperative outcomes and return to normal activity are significantly better with a minimally invasive approach. Reproductive outcomes are not adversely affected. Detailed preoperative imaging is required for minimally invasive procedures to be successful. There are several evidence-based techniques that can be used to reduce blood loss during surgery. The role of robotic technology in enhancing surgical outcomes has not been clearly defined.