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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction
16:41

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction

Published on: November 3, 2011

Memoir: template-based structure prediction for membrane proteins.

Jean-Paul Ebejer1, Jamie R Hill, Sebastian Kelm

  • 1Department of Statistics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK.

Nucleic Acids Research
|May 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing accurate membrane protein models is crucial as they are key drug targets. The Memoir server provides specialized homology modeling software for transmembrane proteins, improving structural prediction accuracy.

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Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction
16:41

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction

Published on: November 3, 2011

Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
22:00

Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: November 21, 2010

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Computational biology
  • Drug discovery

Background:

  • Membrane proteins represent a significant class of drug targets, yet their structural characterization remains challenging.
  • Existing homology modeling tools are primarily designed for globular proteins and do not account for membrane-specific constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Memoir, a novel web server for generating homology models of membrane proteins.
  • To address the limitations of current homology modeling software for transmembrane proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Memoir utilizes specialized alignment and coordinate generation software tailored for transmembrane proteins.
  • The server accepts a structural template and the target sequence as input.
  • It supports both alpha-helical and beta-barrel membrane protein types.

Main Results:

  • Memoir generates homology models specifically designed for membrane protein structures.
  • The server provides supporting data, including alternative loop conformations and multiple sequence alignments, to aid manual model refinement.
  • A video tutorial and model quality assessment guide are available.

Conclusions:

  • Memoir offers an accessible and specialized solution for obtaining structural information on membrane proteins.
  • The tool facilitates the development of homology models for transmembrane proteins, crucial for drug discovery efforts.