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Monohybrid Crosses

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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects

Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects

Published on: March 16, 2010

Genes that influence yield in tomato.

Tohru Ariizumi¹, Yoshihito Shinozaki, Hiroshi Ezura

¹Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennno-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.

Breeding Science

|May 4, 2013

Summary

Tomato yield is crucial for crops, driven by fruit set and size. This review covers key genes and plant hormones influencing tomato breeding for enhanced fruit production and crop yield.

Keywords:

fruit size parthenocarpy plant hormones tomato yield

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Biology
Genetics

Background:

Crop yield is primarily determined by breeding traits, with fruit formation being paramount in plants like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
Tomato fruit size and yield are directly influenced by cell division and expansion in the pericarp, affecting fruit set and final fruit number and volume.
Domestication has significantly increased tomato yield through genetic mutations impacting fruit size, cell cycle, and carpel number.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key genes and genetic mechanisms that enhance tomato fruit yield.
To elucidate the role of plant hormones in regulating tomato fruit set and size.
To connect genetic factors and physiological processes to improved tomato breeding strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of genetic studies on tomato fruit development.
Analysis of research on cell cycle regulation and its impact on fruit size.
Examination of the role of plant hormones in fruit set and expansion.

Main Results:

Genetic mutations and identified genes significantly influence tomato fruit size, cell division, and fruit set.
Plant hormones play a critical role in controlling fruit set and size by regulating gene expression for physiological responses.
Understanding these genetic and hormonal pathways is key to optimizing tomato breeding for yield.

Conclusions:

Key genes and hormonal signaling pathways are central to improving tomato yield through targeted breeding.
Genetic manipulation of cell division, expansion, and fruit set offers pathways to enhance crop productivity.
This review provides insights into the molecular basis of tomato yield for future breeding advancements.