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Updated: May 11, 2026

Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow
Published on: April 11, 2025
Reconstruction of the scalp, calvarium, and frontal sinus
Somsak Sittitavornwong1, Anthony B P Morlandt
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UAB Medicine, Hoover, AL 35244, USA. sjade@uab.edu
Abstract:
Scalp and cranial deformities are common after trauma or ablative surgery. Local flaps and free flaps may be used in reconstruction of soft tissue defects, and autogenous bone or alloplastic bone substitutes may be used for cranioplasty procedures. Injuries to the frontal sinus, particularly when complicated by leak of cerebrospinal fluid or obstruction of the nasofrontal outflow tract, represent special challenges. Further studies are recommended to improve the multidisciplinary management of these complex, debilitating conditions, in anticipation of enhanced function and cosmesis, reduced donor site morbidity, and improved surgical outcomes.
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