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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.

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Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces
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Published on: September 26, 2014

Chitin based polyurethanes using hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene. Part I: molecular engineering.

Khalid Mahmood Zia1, Kashif Mahmood, Mohammad Zuber

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan. ziakmpkpolym@yahoo.com

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chitin-based polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized using hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Chitin incorporation resulted in a cross-linked network structure, confirmed by FTIR and SEM analysis.

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Published on: January 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers with applications in various industries.
  • Chitin, a natural biopolymer, offers potential for creating novel materials with unique properties.
  • Developing sustainable and functional PUs is an ongoing area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize chitin-based polyurethanes (PUs).
  • To investigate the effect of chitin as a cross-linking agent in PU synthesis.
  • To compare the structure of chitin-based PUs with traditional aliphatic diol-based PUs.

Main Methods:

  • Polyurethane prepolymer synthesis using hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI).
  • Chain extension of prepolymer with varying proportions of 1,4-butane diol (BDO) and chitin.
  • Structural confirmation using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
  • Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a network structure in chitin-based PUs due to chitin's tri-functional nature and cross-linking.
  • Linear PU structures were observed in bi-functional aliphatic diol-based polyurethanes.
  • IR spectroscopy identified hydrogen bonding between hard segments in the PUs.
  • SEM analysis corroborated the cross-linked structure of the chitin-based PUs.

Conclusions:

  • Chitin acts as an effective cross-linking agent in polyurethane synthesis, leading to network formation.
  • The tri-functional nature of chitin promotes cross-linking, differentiating it from bi-functional diols.
  • Chitin-based PUs exhibit a cross-linked morphology, distinct from linear PUs, with potential for tailored material properties.