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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model
08:42

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Published on: July 3, 2020

Hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis.

Saumyaranjan Mallick1, Zohra Ahmad, Arun K Gupta

  • 1Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. drsmallick.aiims@gmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|May 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare condition causing calcium phosphate deposits around joints. This case highlights unique dual-energy CT findings in a young patient with TC.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare, locally aggressive condition characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in soft tissues, typically around large joints.
  • The precise etiology of tumoral calcinosis remains largely unknown, contributing to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old male presented with a six-month history of painful, progressive swelling around bilateral elbows and the left hip.
  • Laboratory investigations revealed normal hemogram, calcium levels, and elevated phosphate levels.
  • Imaging demonstrated calcified soft tissue masses adjacent to the affected joints.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination of the excised mass revealed characteristic features of tumoral calcinosis, with myxoid material and calcification.
  • Dual-energy CT (DECT) provided unique imaging findings, described for the first time in the context of this pathology.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering tumoral calcinosis in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses with calcification, especially in young individuals with hyperphosphatemia.
  • The novel DECT findings may offer new insights into the characterization and diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding treatment strategies.