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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

SNARC struggles: Instant control over spatial-numerical associations.

Roland Pfister1, Philipp A Schroeder, Wilfried Kunde

  • 1Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|May 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control flexibly modulates the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect. This effect, linking numbers and space, is instantly reduced when a number

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect demonstrates a robust link between numerical magnitude and spatial representations.
  • Previous research has established the SNARC effect, but the flexibility and rapid control over its behavioral impact remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rapid and flexible control over the behavioral impact of the SNARC effect.
  • To examine how sequential congruency influences the SNARC effect in a parity judgment task.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a parity judgment task.
  • The study analyzed the SNARC effect's modulation based on the preceding trial's congruency between the required response and the number's spatial association.

Main Results:

  • The SNARC effect was significantly reduced immediately following trials where the number's spatial association interfered with the required response.
  • This sequential modulation highlights the dynamic nature of spatial-numerical associations.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial-numerical associations are highly flexible and subject to rapid cognitive control mechanisms.
  • Cognitive control can instantly adjust the SNARC effect based on recent experiences of response conflict.