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Small molecules inhibit the interaction of Nrf2 and the Keap1 Kelch domain through a non-covalent mechanism
Douglas Marcotte1, Weike Zeng, Jean-Christophe Hus
1Biogen Idec, Drug Discovery, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Abstract:
Keap1 binds to the Nrf2 transcription factor to promote its degradation, resulting in the loss of gene products that protect against oxidative stress. While cell-active small molecules have been identified that modify cysteines in Keap1 and effect the Nrf2 dependent pathway, few act through a non-covalent mechanism. We have identified and characterized several small molecule compounds that specifically bind to the Keap1 Kelch-DC domain as measured by NMR, native mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. One compound upregulates Nrf2 response genes measured by a luciferase cell reporter assay. The non-covalent inhibition strategy presents a reasonable course of action to avoid toxic side-effects due to non-specific cysteine modification.
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