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Updated: May 11, 2026

Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications
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Sensing using rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles.

Shuwei Hao1, Guanying Chen, Chunhui Yang

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, People's Republic of China.

Theranostics
|May 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
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Rare-earth doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer sensitive optical sensing for theranostics. This review highlights their use in detecting biomolecules, ions, gases, and for in vitro temperature mapping.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Optical sensing is crucial for theranostics, enabling detection of biochemical entities and monitoring physiological processes.
  • Rare-earth (RE) doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit unique frequency-converting capabilities, emitting visible/UV light when excited by near-infrared (NIR) light.
  • UCNPs offer high tissue penetration depth and detection sensitivity due to NIR excitation being silent to biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent investigations on the application of UCNPs in various sensing applications.
  • To explore the use of UCNPs for detecting biomolecules, ions, and small gas molecules.
  • To summarize the synthesis methods of high-efficiency UCNPs for improved detection limits.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
BiosensingChemical SensingNanoparticlesTemperature Sensing.Upconversion

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  • Review of recent scientific literature on UCNP applications in sensing.
  • Analysis of energy transfer mechanisms between UCNPs and target analytes.
  • Summary of chemical synthesis strategies for optimizing UCNP performance.

Main Results:

  • UCNPs demonstrate high sensitivity in detecting biomolecules (e.g., avidin, ATP), ions (e.g., cyanide, mercury), and gases (e.g., oxygen, CO2, ammonia).
  • The temperature-sensitive luminescence of UCNPs enables precise in vitro temperature mapping at the cellular level.
  • Efficient synthesis methods are critical for achieving low detection limits in UCNP-based sensing.

Conclusions:

  • UCNPs are versatile tools for highly sensitive optical sensing in theranostics.
  • Their unique optical properties and tunable synthesis pave the way for advanced bio- and chemical-sensing applications.
  • Further research into UCNP synthesis and application will enhance their role in medical diagnostics and monitoring.