Perspectives on resorbable osteosynthesis materials in craniomaxillofacial surgery

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Resorbable osteosynthesis systems have advanced since the 1990s for craniomaxillofacial surgery.
• Development is hindered by limited data on poly(α-hydroxy acid) polymers' mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
• Magnesium-based materials face clinical integration challenges due to biocompatibility issues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of current and investigated resorbable osteosynthesis materials.
• To compare resorbable materials with the nonresorbable titanium 'gold standard'.
• To highlight challenges and future perspectives for resorbable osteosynthesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and comparative analysis of resorbable and nonresorbable osteosynthesis materials.
• Focus on poly(α-hydroxy acid) and magnesium-based systems.
• Evaluation of titanium alloys as the current standard.

Main Results:

• Titanium alloys are the 'gold standard' due to excellent biocompatibility and stability.
• Bioresorbable materials are suitable for specific applications like pediatric skull or orbital floor reconstruction.
• Key challenges for resorbable materials include sterilization, biocompatibility, and stability.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to overcome limitations in resorbable osteosynthesis materials.
• Improvements in mechanical properties and biocompatibility are crucial for wider clinical adoption.
• Resorbable systems hold potential for specialized orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial applications.