Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: From fatal to curable.

CA: a cancer journal for clinicians·2026
Same author

Adaptation of α-synuclein fibrils following multiple system atrophy transmission to mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A novel prognostic scoring system HATS for acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Annals of hematology·2026
Same author

An Optimized Route to the Syringolin Natural Products Enables Combinatorial Synthesis of Selective, Bioactive Inhibitors of the <i><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i></i> 20S Proteasome.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Fibrin-associated large B-cell lymphoma occurring in an ancient retroperitoneal schwannoma.

British journal of haematology·2026
Same author

Distinct tau filament folds in familial frontotemporal dementia due to the <i>MAPT</i> S305I mutation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
08:17

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

How I treat NK/T-cell lymphomas.

Eric Tse1, Yok-Lam Kwong

  • 1Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.

Blood
|May 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Aggressive natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas and NK-cell leukemias are aggressive cancers. Treatment involves chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation considered for advanced cases.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas and NK-cell leukemias are aggressive hematologic malignancies with a global distribution, particularly affecting Asian and South American populations.
  • Neoplastic cells exhibit specific immunophenotypic markers (CD3-, cytoplasmic CD3ε+, CD56+), are cytotoxic-molecule positive, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive, and possess a germline T-cell receptor gene.
  • These lymphomas commonly manifest in the nasal and upper aerodigestive tract, with occasional presentations in the skin, salivary glands, testes, and gastrointestinal tract. Disseminated disease with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and a leukemic phase is rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for Natural Killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas and NK-cell leukemias.
  • To highlight the role of imaging and biomarkers in disease staging and monitoring.

More Related Videos

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
11:08

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
08:17

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
11:08

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

  • To discuss the indications and outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in managing these aggressive malignancies.

    • Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment outcomes for NK/T-cell lymphomas and leukemias.
    • Evaluation of the utility of positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) for staging and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA quantification as a biomarker.
    • Analysis of treatment modalities including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

    Main Results:

    • Nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas typically present at stage I/II, with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy being the standard treatment. Radiotherapy alone is insufficient due to high systemic failure rates.
    • Systemic chemotherapy is indicated for stage III/IV nasal, nonnasal, and disseminated lymphomas. Regimens incorporating l-asparaginase and P-glycoprotein-unaffected drugs show efficacy.
    • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not recommended for early-stage nasal lymphomas. It may be considered for advanced-stage or relapsed disease upon achieving remission, with prognostic modeling and EBV DNA monitoring aiding risk stratification.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of aggressive NK/T-cell lymphomas and leukemias requires a multimodal approach combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
    • Accurate staging and monitoring using PET-CT and EBV DNA levels are crucial for treatment planning and risk stratification.
    • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potential therapeutic option for select patients with advanced or refractory disease, contingent on achieving remission.