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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations - III01:18

Kinematic Equations - III

The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
Using the kinematic equations,...
Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Elucidating the scapulo-humeral rhythm calculation: 3D joint contribution method.

Xavier Robert-Lachaine1, Patrick Marion, Véronique Godbout

  • 1a Laboratoire d'Ingénierie du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques-Tétreault, Laval , QC , Canada H7N 0B6.

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
|May 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new 3D method improves shoulder evaluation by accurately calculating the scapulo-humeral rhythm, accounting for all joint rotations during arm elevation. This dynamic approach offers a more precise assessment than traditional 2D methods.

Keywords:
coordinationjointskinematicsscapulo-humeral rhythmshoulder

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • The scapulo-humeral rhythm is crucial for shoulder joint coordination during arm elevation.
  • Traditional methods often use a simplified 2D ratio, potentially overlooking other joint movements.
  • Glenohumeral (GH) elevation and scapulo-thoracic (ST) upward rotation are key components, but other rotations also contribute.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel 3D dynamic method for calculating the scapulo-humeral rhythm.
  • To incorporate all shoulder joint rotations into the calculation for a comprehensive assessment.
  • To compare the proposed 3D method with the common 2D method for accuracy and functional evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 29 skin markers on the trunk and dominant arm of 14 healthy males to capture shoulder kinematics.
  • Measured joint contribution angles and scapulo-humeral rhythm during arm elevation using 3D motion analysis.
  • Employed two-way repeated measures ANOVAs to compare the results from the 2D and 3D calculation methods.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the 2D and 3D methods regarding joint contribution angles and scapulo-humeral rhythm.
  • The common 2D method systematically overestimated glenohumeral (GH) contribution due to scapular movement outside the vertical plane.
  • The proposed 3D method provided a more accurate representation of shoulder complex kinematics.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D dynamic calculation method offers an improved and more functional evaluation of shoulder joint coordination.
  • Accurate assessment requires considering all shoulder joint rotations, not just elevation and upward rotation.
  • This advanced method enhances understanding of shoulder biomechanics during arm elevation activities.