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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status
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Elevated CSF histamine levels in multiple sclerosis patients.

Ulf Kallweit1, Kosuke Aritake2, Claudio L Bassetti1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, CH, Switzerland.

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
|May 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebrospinal fluid histamine levels are significantly elevated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to healthy individuals. This finding suggests histamine plays a role in the pathogenesis of this central nervous system inflammatory disease.

Keywords:
CSFChronic inflammatory diseasesGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorHistamineHistamine receptorsMultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Central Nervous System Disorders
  • Inflammatory Mediators

Background:

  • Histamine is a key mediator in physiological and inflammatory processes.
  • Histamine and its receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) histamine levels in MS patients.
  • To compare histamine levels between MS patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 36 MS patients and 19 healthy volunteers.
  • Analysis of histamine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Main Results:

  • CSF histamine levels were significantly higher in MS patients (median: 35.6 pg/ml) than in controls (median: 5.5 pg/ml; p < 0.001).
  • Histamine levels showed a positive correlation with age (p < 0.003).

Conclusions:

  • Histamine may contribute to the initiation and progression of chronic CNS inflammatory diseases like MS.
  • Further research into histamine's role in MS pathogenesis is warranted.