Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Targeting ST3GAL1 to downregulate ligands for the glycoimmune checkpoint Siglec-7 and reverse immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII·2026

Same author

Impacts of Globo H Ceramide on Tumor Microenvironment.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026

Same author

Immunotherapeutic Strategies Targeting GD2-Expressing Malignancies.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026

Same author

Globo H ceramide confers chemoresistance and poor prognosis to advanced gallbladder cancer via A2AR/cAMP/PKA pathway.

Theranostics·2026

Same author

Combined targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibits ovarian clear cell carcinoma progression through disrupted ribosome biogenesis.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2026

Same author

Distance-decay reveals contrasting effects of land-use types on arthropod community homogenisation.

Nature communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

Published on: August 3, 2018

Vitamin E reduces TGF-beta2-induced changes in human trabecular meshwork cells.

Alice L Yu¹, Jerome Moriniere, Ulrich Welge-Lussen

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. alice.yu@med.uni-muenchen.de

Current Eye Research

|May 11, 2013

Summary

Vitamin E reversed cellular changes in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2). This suggests antioxidants may help prevent glaucoma-related TM alterations.

More Related Videos

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: June 10, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

Published on: August 3, 2018

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: June 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) plays a role in cellular changes within the trabecular meshwork (TM).
Glaucoma is characterized by specific cellular changes in the TM.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the protective effects of vitamin E against TGF-β2-induced alterations in human TM cells.
To assess vitamin E's impact on key cellular markers and cytoskeletal organization.

Main Methods:

Human TM cells were pre-treated with vitamin E.
Cells were subsequently exposed to TGF-β2.
Gene expression of αB-crystallin, fibronectin, and MMP-2 was analyzed using real-time PCR.
Cytoskeletal changes were visualized via phalloidin staining.

Main Results:

TGF-β2 increased αB-crystallin and fibronectin expression while decreasing MMP-2 levels.
TGF-β2 induced actin stress fibers and cross-linked actin networks.
Vitamin E pre-treatment effectively reversed these TGF-β2-mediated cellular and cytoskeletal changes.

Conclusions:

Vitamin E mitigates TGF-β2-induced cellular alterations in human TM cells.
Enhanced antioxidative capacity, potentially through vitamin E, may reduce glaucoma-associated TM changes.